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There is no specific federal law regarding either euthanasia or assisted suicide. All 50 states and the District of Columbia prohibit euthanasia under general homicide laws. Assisted suicide laws are handled at the state rather than the federal level:
- Thirty-eight states have specific laws prohibiting assisted suicide.
- Seven states prohibit assisted suicide under common law.
- Four states (and the District of Columbia) have no specific laws regarding assisted suicide, and do not recognize common law in regard to assisted suicide.
- One state, Oregon, has legalized assisted suicide.
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| 1. | Alabama | Common law | Common law is a body of law that is based on custom and general principles and embodied in case law that serves as precedent or is applied to situations not covered by statute. |
| 2. | Alaska | Alaska Statute 11.41.120 |
"A person commits the crime of manslaughter if the person intentionally aids another person to commit suicide" |
| 3. | Arizona | Ariz. Rev. Stat. 13-1103 |
"A person commits manslaughter by: intentionally aiding another to commit suicide" |
| 4. | Arkansas | Ark. Code. 5-10-104 |
"A person commits manslaughter if: the person purposely causes or aids another person to commit suicide" |
| 5. | California | Cal. Penal Code Sec. 401 |
"Every person who deliberately aids, or advises, or encourages another to commit suicide, is guilty of a felony." |
| 6. | Colorado | Colo. Rev. Stat. 18-3-104 |
"A person commits the crime of manslaughter if: such person intentionally causes or aids another person to commit suicide." |
| 7. | Connecticut | Conn. Gen. Stat. 53a-56 |
"A person is guilty of manslaughter in the second degree when: he intentionally causes or aids another person, other than by force, duress or deception, to commit suicide." |
| 8. | Delaware | Del. Code 645 |
"A person is guilty of promoting suicide when the person intentionally causes or aids another person to attempt suicide, or when the person intentionally aids another person to commit suicide. Promoting suicide is a class F felony." |
| 9. | District of Columbia | None | N/A |
| 10. | Florida | Fla. Stat. 782.08 |
"Assisting self-murder -- Every person deliberately assisting another in the commission of self-murder shall be guilty of manslaughter, a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084." |
| 11. | Georgia | Ga. Code. 16-5-5 |
"Any person who publicly advertises, offers, or holds himself or herself out as offering that he or she will intentionally and actively assist another person in the commission of suicide and commits any overt act to further that purpose is guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than one nor more than five years. Any person who knowingly and willfully commits any act which destroys the volition of another, such as fraudulent practices upon such person's fears, affections, or sympathies; duress; or any undue influence whereby the will of one person is substituted for the wishes of another, and thereby intentionally causes or induces such other person to commit or attempt to commit suicide shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than one nor more than ten years. The provisions of this Code section shall not be deemed to affect any of the laws, in whole or in part, that may be applicable to the withholding or withdrawal of medical or health care treatment, including but not limited to, laws related to a living will, a durable power of attorney for health care, or a written order not to resuscitate." |
| 12. | Hawaii | None | N/A |
| 13. | Idaho | Common law | Common law is a body of law that is based on custom and general principles and embodied in case law that serves as precedent or is applied to situations not covered by statute. |
| 14. | Illinois | Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/12-31 |
"A person commits the offense of inducement to commit suicide when he or she does either of the following: (1) Coerces another to commit suicide and the other person commits or attempts to commit suicide as a direct result of the coercion, and he or she exercises substantial control over the other person through (i) control of the other person's physical location or circumstances; (ii) use of psychological pressure; or (iii) use of actual or ostensible religious, political, social, philosophical or other principles.
(2) With knowledge that another person intends to commit or attempt to commit suicide, intentionally (i) offers and provides the physical means by which another person commits or attempts to commit suicide, or (ii) participates in a physical act by which another person commits or attempts to commit suicide. For the purposes of this Section, 'attempts to commit suicide' means any act done with the intent to commit suicide and which constitutes a substantial step toward commission of suicide. The lawful compliance or a good-faith attempt at lawful compliance with the Illinois Living Will Act, the Health Care Surrogate Act, or the Powers of Attorney for Health Care Law is not inducement to commit suicide under paragraph (a)(2) of this Section. (Source: P.A. 87-1167; 88-392.)" |
| 15. | Indiana | Ind. Code 35-42-1-2.5 |
"A person who has knowledge that another person intends to commit or attempt to commit suicide and who intentionally does either of the following commits assisting suicide, a Class C felony: (1) Provides the physical means by which the other person attempts or commits suicide. (2) Participates in a physical act by which the other person attempts or commits suicide." |
| 16. | Iowa | Iowa Code 707A.2 |
"A person commits a class 'C' felony if the person intentionally or knowingly assists, solicits, or incites another person to commit or attempt to commit suicide, or participates in a physical act by which another person commits or attempts to commit suicide." |
| 17. | Kansas | Kan. Stat. 21-3406 |
"Assisting suicide is: (1) Knowingly by force or duress causing another person to commit or to attempt to commit suicide; or (2) with the intent and purpose of assisting another person to commit or to attempt to commit suicide, knowingly either:
(A) Providing the physical means by which another person commits or attempts to commit suicide; or |
| 18. | Kentucky | Ky. Rev. Stat. 216.302 |
"A person commits a Class C felony when the person knowingly by force or duress
causes another person to commit or to attempt to commit suicide. A person commits a Class D felony when the person, with the purpose of assisting another person to commit or to attempt to commit suicide, knowingly and intentionally either:
(a) Provides the physical means by which another person commits or attempts to commit suicide; or |
| 19. | Louisiana | La. Rev. Stat. 14.32.12 |
"Criminal assistance to suicide is: (1) The intentional advising or encouraging of another person to commit suicide or the providing of the physical means or the knowledge of such means to another person for the purpose of enabling the other person to commit or attempt to commit suicide.
(2) The intentional advising, encouraging, or assisting of another person to commit suicide, or the participation in any physical act which causes, aids, abets, or assists another person in committing or attempting to commit suicide. |
| 20. | Maine | Me. Rev. Stat. 17-A, 204 |
"A person is guilty of aiding or soliciting suicide if he intentionally aids or solicits another to commit suicide, and the other commits or attempts suicide. Aiding or soliciting suicide is a Class D crime." |
| 21. | Maryland | Md. Code 3-102 |
"With the purpose of assisting another individual to commit or attempt to commit suicide, an individual may not:
(1) by coercion, duress, or deception, knowingly cause another individual to commit suicide or attempt to commit suicide; |
| 22. | Massachusetts | Common law | Common law is a body of law that is based on custom and general principles and embodied in case law that serves as precedent or is applied to situations not covered by statute. |
| 23. | Michigan | Mich. Comp. Laws 750.329a |
"A person who knows that an individual intends to kill himself or herself and does any of the following with the intent to assist the individual in killing himself or herself is guilty of criminal assistance to the killing of an individual, a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 5 years or a fine of not more than $10,000.00, or both:
(a) Provides the means by which the individual attempts to kill himself or herself or kills himself or herself. |
| 24. | Minnesota | Minn. Stat. 609.215 |
"Subd. 1. Whoever intentionally advises, encourages, or assists another in taking the other's own life may be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than 15 years or to payment of a fine of not more than $30,000, or both. Subd. 2. Aiding attempted suicide. Whoever intentionally advises, encourages, or assists another who attempts but fails to take the other's own life may be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than seven years or to payment of a fine of not more than $14,000, or both.
Subd. 3. Acts or omissions not considered aiding suicide or aiding attempted suicide. (a) A health care provider, as defined in section 145B.02, subdivision 6, who administers, prescribes, or dispenses medications or procedures to relieve another person's pain or discomfort, even if the medication or procedure may hasten or increase the risk of death, does not violate this section unless the medications or procedures are knowingly administered, prescribed, or dispensed to cause death.
Subd. 4. Injunctive relief. A cause of action for injunctive relief may be maintained against any person who is reasonably believed to be about to violate or who is in the course of violating this section by any person who is:
Subd. 5. Civil damages. A person given standing by subdivision 4, clause (1), (2), or (5), or the person who would have committed suicide, in the case of an attempt, may maintain a cause of action against any person who violates or who attempts to violate subdivision 1 or 2 for compensatory damages and punitive damages as provided in section 549.20. A person described in subdivision 4, clause (4), may maintain a cause of action against a person who violates or attempts to violate subdivision 1 or 2 for a civil penalty of up to $50,000 on behalf of the state. An action under this subdivision may be brought whether or not the plaintiff had prior knowledge of the violation or attempt." |
| 25. | Mississippi | Miss. Code 97-3-49 |
"A person who willfully, or in any manner, advises, encourages, abets, or assists another person to take, or in taking, the latter's life, or in attempting to take the latter's life, is guilty of felony and, on conviction, shall be punished by imprisonment in the penitentiary not exceeding ten years, or by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, and imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year." |
| 26. | Missouri | Mo. Rev. Stat. 565.023 |
"A person commits the crime of voluntary manslaughter if he: (1) Causes the death of another person under circumstances that would constitute murder in the second degree under subdivision (1) of subsection 1 of section 565.021, except that he caused the death under the influence of sudden passion arising from adequate cause; or (2) Knowingly assists another in the commission of self-murder." |
| 27. | Montana | Mont. Code 45-5-105 |
"(1) A person who purposely aids or solicits another to commit suicide, but such suicide does not occur, commits the offense of aiding or soliciting suicide. (2) A person convicted of the offense of aiding or soliciting a suicide shall be imprisoned in the state prison for any term not to exceed 10 years or be fined an amount not to exceed $50,000, or both." |
| 28. | Nebraska | Neb. Rev. Code 28-307 |
"A person commits assisting suicide when, with intent to assist another person in committing suicide, he aids and abets him in committing or attempting to commit suicide. Assisting suicide is a Class IV felony." |
| 29. | Nevada | None | N/A |
| 30. | New Hampshire | N.H. Rev. Stat. 630:4 |
"A person is guilty of causing or aiding suicide if he purposely aids or solicits another to commit suicide. Causing or aiding suicide is a class B felony if the actor's conduct causes such suicide or an attempted suicide. Otherwise it is a misdemeanor." |
| 31. | New Jersey | N.J. Stat. 2C:11-6 |
"A person who purposely aids another to commit suicide is guilty of a crime of the second degree if his conduct causes such suicide or an attempted suicide, and otherwise of a crime of the fourth degree." |
| 32. | New Mexico | N.M. Stat. 30-2-4 |
"Assisting suicide consists of deliberately aiding another in the taking of his own life. Whoever commits assisting suicide is guilty of a fourth degree felony." |
| 33. | New York | N.Y. Penal Law 125.15 |
"A person is guilty of manslaughter in the second degree when: 1. He recklessly causes the death of another person; or 2. He commits upon a female an abortional act which causes her death, unless such abortional act is justifiable pursuant to subdivision three of section 125.05; or
3. He intentionally causes or aids another person to commit suicide. |
| 34. | North Carolina | Common law | Common law is a body of law that is based on custom and general principles and embodied in case law that serves as precedent or is applied to situations not covered by statute. |
| 35. | North Dakota | N.D. Cent. Code 12.1-16-04 |
"Any person who intentionally or knowingly aids, abets, facilitates, solicits, or incites another person to commit suicide, or who provides to, delivers to, procures for, or prescribes for another person any drug or instrument with knowledge that the other person intends to attempt to commit suicide with the drug or instrument is guilty of a class C felony. Any person who, through deception, coercion, or duress, willfully causes the death of another person by suicide is guilty of a class AA felony." |
| 36. | Ohio | Common law for criminal proceedings only. Amended Substitute House Bill 474 |
"(A) Assisting suicide is hereby declared to be against the public policy of the state [of Ohio]. (B) A court of common pleas shall grant an injunction enjoining any action related to assisting suicide if it finds there is reason to believe that the person enjoined is preparing to assist a suicide, is in the course of assisting a suicide, or has assisted a suicide. The injunction shall prohibit the person from assisting any suicide in this state regardless of who is being assisted. The injunction may be granted at the request of any of the following: (1) A person who has prepared or attempted to commit suicide with the assistance of the person sought to be enjoined; (2) The guardian, spouse, parent, child, or sibling of a person who is preparing or has prepared to commit, who is attempting or has attempted to commit, or who committed suicide with the assistance of the person sought to be enjoined; (3) A person entitled to inherit from a person who is preparing or has prepared to commit, who is attempting or has attempted to commit, or who committed suicide with the assistance of the person sought to be enjoined; (4) A person who has inherited from a person who has prepared or attempted to commit or who committed suicide with the assistance of the person sought to be enjoined; (5) An individual who is providing or has provided health care to a person who is preparing or has prepared to commit or who is attempting or has attempted to commit suicide with the assistance of the person sought to be enjoined; (6) An individual who has provided health care to a person who committed suicide with the assistance of the person sought to be enjoined; (7) A prosecuting attorney; (8) The attorney general. If an injunction is granted, the court may award the party requesting the injunction all reasonable attorney's fees, which shall be considered damages." |
| 37. | Oklahoma | Okla. Stat. 63-3141.1 |
"A person violates the Assisted Suicide Prevention Act when the person, with the purpose of assisting another person to commit or to attempt to commit suicide, knowingly either: 1. Provides the physical means by which another person commits or attempts to commit suicide; or 2. Participates in a physical act by which another person commits or attempts to commit suicide." |
| 38. | Oregon | Or. Rev. Stat. 163.125 |
"An adult who is capable, is a resident of Oregon, and has been determined by the attending physician and consulting physician to be suffering from a terminal disease, and who has voluntarily expressed his or her wish to die, may make a written request for medication for the purpose of ending his or her life in a humane and dignified manner in accordance with ORS 127.800 to 127.897." |
| 39. | Pennsylvania | Pa. Const. Stat. 2505 |
"(a) Causing suicide as criminal homicide -- A person may be convicted of criminal homicide for causing another to commit suicide only if he intentionally causes such suicide by force, duress or deception. (b) Aiding or soliciting suicide as an independent offense -- A person who intentionally aids or solicits another to commit suicide is guilty of a felony of the second degree if his conduct causes such suicide or an attempted suicide, and otherwise of a misdemeanor of the second degree. (Pennsylvania public policy opposes suicide, even by a prisoner in public custody who desires to starve himself by a fast.)" |
| 40. | Rhode Island | R.I. Gen. Law 11-60-3 |
"An individual or licensed health care practitioner who with the purpose of assisting another person to commit suicide knowingly:
(1) Provides the physical means by which another person commits or attempts to commit suicide; or |
| 41. | South Carolina | S.C. Code 163-1090 |
"It is unlawful for a person to assist another person in committing suicide. A person assists another person in committing suicide if the person: (1) by force or duress intentionally causes the other person to commit or attempt to commit suicide; or
(2) has knowledge that the other person intends to commit or attempt to commit suicide and intentionally: (1) the withholding or withdrawing of a life sustaining procedure or compliance with any other state or federal law authorizing withdrawal or refusal of medical treatments or procedures; (2) the administering, prescribing, or dispensing of medications or procedures, by or at the direction of a licensed health care professional, for the purpose of alleviating another person's pain or discomfort, even if the medication or procedure may increase the risk of death, as long as the medication or procedure is not also intentionally administered, prescribed, or dispensed for the purpose of causing death, or the purpose of assisting in causing death, for any reason; or (3) the administering, prescribing, or dispensing of medications or procedures to a patient diagnosed with a medical condition that includes an element of suicidal ideation, even if the medication or procedure may increase the risk of death, as long as the medication or procedure is not also intentionally administered, prescribed, or dispensed for the purpose of causing death, or the purpose of assisting in causing death, for any reason." |
| 42. | South Dakota | S.D. Codified Laws 22-16-37 |
"Any person who intentionally in any manner advises, encourages, abets, or assists another in taking his own life is guilty of a Class 6 felony. Aiding and abetting suicide -- Felony. Any person who intentionally in any manner advises, encourages, abets, or assists another person in taking or in attempting to take his or her own life is guilty of a Class 6 felony." |
| 43. | Tennessee | Tenn. Code 39-13-216 |
"A person commits the offense of assisted suicide who: (1) Intentionally provides another person with the means by which such person directly and intentionally brings about such person's own death; or (2) Intentionally participates in a physical act by which another person directly and intentionally brings about such person's own death; and
(3) Provides the means or participates in the physical act with: |
| 44. | Texas | Tex. Penal Code 22.08 |
"A person commits an offense if, with intent to
promote or assist the commission of suicide by another, he aids or
attempts to aid the other to commit or attempt to commit suicide. An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor unless the actor’s conduct causes suicide or attempted suicide that results in serious bodily injury, in which event the offense is a state jail felony." |
| 45. | Utah | None | N/A |
| 46. | Vermont | Common law | Common law is a body of law that is based on custom and general principles and embodied in case law that serves as precedent or is applied to situations not covered by statute. |
| 47. | Virginia | VA Code 8.01-662-.1 |
"A. Any person who knowingly and intentionally, with the purpose of assisting another person to commit or attempt to commit suicide, (i) provides the physical means by which another person commits or attempts to commit suicide or (ii) participates in a physical act by which another person commits or attempts to commit suicide shall be liable for damages as provided in this section and may be enjoined from such acts. B. A cause of action for injunctive relief against any person who is reasonably expected to assist or attempt to assist a suicide may be maintained by any person who is the spouse, parent, child, sibling or guardian of, or a current or former licensed health care provider of, the person who would commit suicide; by a Commonwealth's attorney with appropriate jurisdiction; or by the Attorney General. The injunction shall prevent the person from assisting any suicide in the Commonwealth. C. A spouse, parent, child or sibling of a person who commits or attempts to commit suicide may recover compensatory and exemplary damages in a civil action from any person who provided the physical means for the suicide or attempted suicide or who participated in a physical act by which the other person committed or attempted to commit suicide. D. A licensed health care provider who assists or attempts to assist a suicide shall be considered to have engaged in unprofessional conduct for which his certificate or license to provide health care services in the Commonwealth shall be suspended or revoked by the licensing authority." |
| 48. | Washington | Wash. Rev. Code 9A.36.060 |
"A person is guilty of promoting a suicide attempt when he knowingly causes or aids another person to attempt suicide. Promoting a suicide attempt is a class C felony." |
| 49. | West Virginia | Common law | Common law is a body of law that is based on custom and general principles and embodied in case law that serves as precedent or is applied to situations not covered by statute. |
| 50. | Wisconsin | Wis. Stat. 940.12 |
"Whoever with intent that another take his or her own life assists such person to commit suicide is guilty of a Class H felony." |
| 51. | Wyoming | None | N/A |